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How to Cite
Abstract
The immune system has immense potential in cancer therapy as it is individ-
ualized, precision driven and robust, however, it is associated with challenges
of its own that include immune evasion, development of tolerance and a sus-
tained tumor rejection response. Recent FDA approval of several checkpoint
inhibitors, anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, has re-invigorated cancer immunology by
demonstrating that tolerance to cancer can be broken to induce a sustained
immune response in patients. Active immunization with multivalent tumor
associated antigens (TAA), however, is still a challenge. We have developed
two specific distinct methods to generate multivalent antigens capable of
tumor regression in prostate cancer and melanoma. In prostate cancer, we have
generated specific multivalent peptide mimetics using phage display synthetic
peptide libraries capable of metastatic tumor regression in an animal model. In
melanoma, we have used a vaccinia virus based antigen retrieval technology
to generate a multivalent antigenic vaccine. The antigenic repertoire is well
defined. A protocol for the melanoma vaccine is FDA approved for clinical trials. We envision defining the humoral and cellular immune response to
combine our active vaccine strategy with other treatment modalities including
approved checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1. We believe our
vaccine candidates are a new generation of immune-therapeutics that can
prolong cancer free survival and prevent secondary recurrences. Our studies
have challenged the existing paradigms to re-define cancer immunotherapy
that bridges the gap between humoral and cellular immunity by combining
active immune response with negative checkpoint inhibitors thus activating
pre-existing dormant immune response
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