Immunoassays for Affinity, Avidity and Competition: Methods to Evaluate Monoclonal (and Polyclonal) Antibodies Useful Assays in Development of New Antibodies, Better Understanding of Commercial Antibodies: Their Usefulness in Specific Aims of Research

Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains the most common
method to identify clones of cells during the development of monoclonal
antibodies. This technique is convenient for the rapid screening of large
numbers of clones, subsequent to the fusion of splenocytes of immunized
mice or rabbits with immortal myeloma cells. In general, when screening for
the production of the desired antibody, an antibody to the target protein or
an antibody from another host is generally unavailable. Thus, the standard
test measures reactivity of attachment passively to the target antigen, and
reporting of that attachment using a secondary antibody reporter (sandwich
assay). Slightly better is the ELISA, which reacts the monoclonal within the cell culture (supernatant) with the antigen and then applies the mix to plates
coated with an antibody against the target, but from another host species. In
this way, the ability of the test clones to capture the target may be examined.
This method is required when preparing antibodies for immunoprecipitation.
The sandwich assay may leave the investigator with as many as 100 or
more prospective clones to further characterize. To identify clones for further
investigation of the target antigen, cell supernatants may be too dilute. Thus,
the expansion of this enormous number of clones for subsequent purification
of the antibodies would be a daunting task. Here we offer EIA-based assays
which simplify the process of excluding the majority of clones which will not
serve the researcher’s requirements. All the assays can be done from a single
stock of each clone of as little as 2 ml volume.