Extracellular matrix macromolecules: potential tools and targets in cancer gene therapy

Abstract

Tumour cells create their own microenvironment where they closely interact with a variety of soluble and non-soluble
molecules, different cells and numerous other components within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interaction between
tumour cells and the ECM is bidirectional leading to either progression or inhibition of tumourigenesis. Therefore,
development of novel therapies targeted primarily to tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly rational. Here, we give
a short overview of different macromolecules of the ECM and introduce mechanisms whereby they contribute to
tumourigenesis within the TME. Furthermore, we present examples of individual ECM macromolecules as regulators of
cell behaviour during tumourigenesis. Finally, we focus on novel strategies of using ECM macromolecules as tools or
targets in cancer gene therapy in the future.